The design of the battery thermal management system is the key to improving the life of lithium-ion batteries. Thermal management of lithium-ion battery systems is an indispensable link to ensure battery safety, extend battery service life, and improve battery system performance. With the leap-forward development of new energy vehicles in recent years, the capacity and size of lithium-ion battery cells have gradually increased, and high-power operating conditions have gradually increased, which has brought severe c