Lithium-ion battery packs usually consist of one or several battery packs in parallel, and each battery pack consists of 3 to 4 batteries in series. This combination can meet the voltage and power requirements. However, cell balancing technology, a common configuration for this application, is usually not very effective, because if the capacity of one series cell does not match the other cells, it will reduce the capacity of the entire battery pack. The mismatch of battery capacity in lithium-ion battery balanci