Development of supercapacitor battery materials -Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment
Supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, current collectors, electrolytes and separators, among which electrode materials are the most critical factor affecting the performance and production cost of supercapacitors. Research and development of high-performance, low-cost electrode materials is an important part of the research and development of supercapacitors. At present, the most researched supercapacitor electrode materials are mainly carbon materials, metal oxides (or hydroxides), conductive polymers, etc., and the commercialization of carbon materials and metal oxide electrode materials is relatively mature, which is a hot spot of current research .(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
1 What is a supercapacitor?
Supercapacitors (supercapacitors or ultracapacitors), also known as electrochemical capacitors (electrochemical capacitors), are a new type of energy storage device between secondary batteries and conventional capacitors. In addition, supercapacitors also have the characteristics of no pollution to the environment, high efficiency, long cycle life, wide operating temperature range, and high safety. They have broad application prospects in electric vehicles, new energy power generation, information technology, aerospace and other fields.
Supercapacitors can also form a composite power system with rechargeable batteries, which can not only meet the high power requirements of electric vehicles when starting, accelerating and climbing, but also extend the cycle life of rechargeable batteries and optimize the performance of electric vehicle power systems. At present, the commercial production of supercapacitors has been realized at home and abroad, but there are still problems such as high price and low energy density, which greatly limit the large-scale application of supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, current collectors, electrolytes and separators, among which electrode materials are the most critical factor affecting the performance and production cost of supercapacitors. Research and development of high-performance, low-cost electrode materials is an important part of the research and development of supercapacitors.
At present, the most researched supercapacitor electrode materials are mainly carbon materials, metal oxides (or hydroxides), conductive polymers, etc., and the commercialization of carbon materials and metal oxide electrode materials is relatively mature, which is a hot spot of current research . Therefore, this paper will focus on the latest research progress and commercial application prospects of high-performance electrode materials such as carbon materials, metal oxides and their composites.
2 The latest research progress of carbon materials as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Development history of carbon materials
Graphene, CNT, and manganese dioxide vying to be the "killer" electrode materials for future supercapacitors?
Carbon materials are currently the most widely studied and applied supercapacitor electrode materials, including activated carbon, template carbon, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon fibers, carbon aerogels, and graphene. Carbon materials have the advantages of high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, good electrolyte wettability, and wide potential window, but their specific capacitance is low. Carbon materials mainly use the electric double layer formed at the electrode/solution interface to store energy, which is called electric double layer capacitance. Increasing the specific surface area of the electrode active material can increase the area of the electric double layer at the interface, thereby increasing the electric double layer capacitance.
carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are a kind of nano-conductivity and chemical stability discovered in the early 1990s, large specific surface area, pores suitable for electrolyte ion migration, and intertwined to form a nano-scale network structure, so it was once considered. It is an ideal electrode material for high-power supercapacitors.
Niu et al. were the first to report the use of carbon nanotubes as electrode materials for supercapacitors. They used catalytic pyrolysis to make hydrocarbons into multi-walled carbon nanotube thin film electrodes, in a 38% mass fraction of H2SO4 electrolyte and At different frequencies from 0.001 to 100 Hz, the specific capacitance reaches 50 to 110 F/g, and its power density exceeds 8 kW/kg. However, the freely grown carbon nanotubes have different shapes, disordered orientations, and even accompanied by amorphous carbon, which are difficult to purify, which increases the difficulty of their practical application.
1 What is a supercapacitor?
Supercapacitors (supercapacitors or ultracapacitors), also known as electrochemical capacitors (electrochemical capacitors), are a new type of energy storage device between secondary batteries and conventional capacitors. In addition, supercapacitors also have the characteristics of no pollution to the environment, high efficiency, long cycle life, wide operating temperature range, and high safety. They have broad application prospects in electric vehicles, new energy power generation, information technology, aerospace and other fields.
Supercapacitors can also form a composite power system with rechargeable batteries, which can not only meet the high power requirements of electric vehicles when starting, accelerating and climbing, but also extend the cycle life of rechargeable batteries and optimize the performance of electric vehicle power systems. At present, the commercial production of supercapacitors has been realized at home and abroad, but there are still problems such as high price and low energy density, which greatly limit the large-scale application of supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, current collectors, electrolytes and separators, among which electrode materials are the most critical factor affecting the performance and production cost of supercapacitors. Research and development of high-performance, low-cost electrode materials is an important part of the research and development of supercapacitors.
At present, the most researched supercapacitor electrode materials are mainly carbon materials, metal oxides (or hydroxides), conductive polymers, etc., and the commercialization of carbon materials and metal oxide electrode materials is relatively mature, which is a hot spot of current research . Therefore, this paper will focus on the latest research progress and commercial application prospects of high-performance electrode materials such as carbon materials, metal oxides and their composites.
2 The latest research progress of carbon materials as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Development history of carbon materials
Graphene, CNT, and manganese dioxide vying to be the "killer" electrode materials for future supercapacitors?
Carbon materials are currently the most widely studied and applied supercapacitor electrode materials, including activated carbon, template carbon, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon fibers, carbon aerogels, and graphene. Carbon materials have the advantages of high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, good electrolyte wettability, and wide potential window, but their specific capacitance is low. Carbon materials mainly use the electric double layer formed at the electrode/solution interface to store energy, which is called electric double layer capacitance. Increasing the specific surface area of the electrode active material can increase the area of the electric double layer at the interface, thereby increasing the electric double layer capacitance.
carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are a kind of nano-conductivity and chemical stability discovered in the early 1990s, large specific surface area, pores suitable for electrolyte ion migration, and intertwined to form a nano-scale network structure, so it was once considered. It is an ideal electrode material for high-power supercapacitors.
Niu et al. were the first to report the use of carbon nanotubes as electrode materials for supercapacitors. They used catalytic pyrolysis to make hydrocarbons into multi-walled carbon nanotube thin film electrodes, in a 38% mass fraction of H2SO4 electrolyte and At different frequencies from 0.001 to 100 Hz, the specific capacitance reaches 50 to 110 F/g, and its power density exceeds 8 kW/kg. However, the freely grown carbon nanotubes have different shapes, disordered orientations, and even accompanied by amorphous carbon, which are difficult to purify, which increases the difficulty of their practical application.
