Current status of sodium-ion battery energy storage technology -Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment
Energy, as the material basis for the progress of human civilization, has always played an important role. It is an indispensable guarantee for the development of human society. Together with water, air, and food, it constitutes the necessary conditions for human survival and directly affects human life. .
The development of the energy industry has undergone two major transformations from the "era" of firewood to the "era" of coal, and then from the "era" of coal to the "era" of oil. Now it has begun to change from the "era" of oil to the "era" of renewable energy change.
From coal as the main source in the early 19th century to oil as the main source in the middle of the 20th century, humans have used fossil energy on a large scale for more than 200 years. However, the global energy structure dominated by fossil energy makes it no longer far away from the depletion of fossil energy.(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
The three traditional fossil energy economic carriers represented by coal, oil and natural gas will be exhausted rapidly in the new century, and in the process of use and combustion, it will also cause the greenhouse effect, generate a large amount of pollutants, and pollute the environment.
Therefore, it is imperative to reduce dependence on fossil energy, change the existing irrational energy use structure, and seek clean and pollution-free new renewable energy.
At present, renewable energy mainly includes wind energy, hydrogen energy, solar energy, biomass energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy, etc., and wind energy and solar energy are current research hotspots worldwide.
However, it is still relatively difficult to achieve efficient conversion and storage of various renewable energy sources, thus making it difficult to effectively utilize them.
In this case, in order to realize the effective utilization of new renewable energy by human beings, it is necessary to develop convenient and efficient new energy storage technology, which is also a hot spot in current social research.
At present, lithium-ion batteries, as one of the most efficient secondary batteries, have been widely used in various electronic devices, transportation, aerospace and other fields. , the prospects for development are more difficult.
The physical and chemical properties of sodium and lithium are similar, and it has energy storage effect. Because of its rich content, uniform distribution of sodium source, and low price, it is used in large-scale energy storage technology, which has the characteristics of low cost and high benefit.
The positive and negative electrode materials of sodium ion batteries include layered transition metal compounds, polyanions, transition metal phosphates, core-shell nanoparticles, metal compounds, hard carbon, etc.
As an element with extremely abundant reserves in nature, carbon is cheap and easy to obtain, and has gained a lot of recognition as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
According to the degree of graphitization, carbon materials can be divided into two categories: graphitic carbon and amorphous carbon.
Hard carbon, which belongs to amorphous carbon, exhibits a sodium storage specific capacity of 300mAh/g, while carbon materials with a higher degree of graphitization are difficult to meet commercial use due to their large surface area and strong order.
Therefore, non-graphite hard carbon materials are mainly used in practical research.
In order to further improve the performance of anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, the hydrophilicity and conductivity of carbon materials can be improved by means of ion doping or compounding, which can enhance the energy storage performance of carbon materials.
As the negative electrode material of sodium ion battery, metal compounds are mainly two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides. In addition to the excellent characteristics of two-dimensional materials, they can not only store sodium ions by adsorption and intercalation, but also combine with sodium The combination of ions generates capacitance through chemical reactions for energy storage, thereby greatly improving the energy storage effect.
Due to the high cost and difficulty in obtaining metal compounds, carbon materials are still the main anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
The rise of layered transition metal compounds is after the discovery of graphene. At present, the two-dimensional materials used in sodium-ion batteries mainly include sodium-based layered NaxMO4, NaxCoO4, NaxMnO4, NaxVO4, NaxFeO4, etc.
Polyanionic positive electrode materials were first used in lithium-ion battery positive electrodes, and were later used in sodium-ion batteries. Important representative materials include olivine crystals such as NaMnPO4 and NaFePO4.
The development of the energy industry has undergone two major transformations from the "era" of firewood to the "era" of coal, and then from the "era" of coal to the "era" of oil. Now it has begun to change from the "era" of oil to the "era" of renewable energy change.
From coal as the main source in the early 19th century to oil as the main source in the middle of the 20th century, humans have used fossil energy on a large scale for more than 200 years. However, the global energy structure dominated by fossil energy makes it no longer far away from the depletion of fossil energy.(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
The three traditional fossil energy economic carriers represented by coal, oil and natural gas will be exhausted rapidly in the new century, and in the process of use and combustion, it will also cause the greenhouse effect, generate a large amount of pollutants, and pollute the environment.
Therefore, it is imperative to reduce dependence on fossil energy, change the existing irrational energy use structure, and seek clean and pollution-free new renewable energy.
At present, renewable energy mainly includes wind energy, hydrogen energy, solar energy, biomass energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy, etc., and wind energy and solar energy are current research hotspots worldwide.
However, it is still relatively difficult to achieve efficient conversion and storage of various renewable energy sources, thus making it difficult to effectively utilize them.
In this case, in order to realize the effective utilization of new renewable energy by human beings, it is necessary to develop convenient and efficient new energy storage technology, which is also a hot spot in current social research.
At present, lithium-ion batteries, as one of the most efficient secondary batteries, have been widely used in various electronic devices, transportation, aerospace and other fields. , the prospects for development are more difficult.
The physical and chemical properties of sodium and lithium are similar, and it has energy storage effect. Because of its rich content, uniform distribution of sodium source, and low price, it is used in large-scale energy storage technology, which has the characteristics of low cost and high benefit.
The positive and negative electrode materials of sodium ion batteries include layered transition metal compounds, polyanions, transition metal phosphates, core-shell nanoparticles, metal compounds, hard carbon, etc.
As an element with extremely abundant reserves in nature, carbon is cheap and easy to obtain, and has gained a lot of recognition as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
According to the degree of graphitization, carbon materials can be divided into two categories: graphitic carbon and amorphous carbon.
Hard carbon, which belongs to amorphous carbon, exhibits a sodium storage specific capacity of 300mAh/g, while carbon materials with a higher degree of graphitization are difficult to meet commercial use due to their large surface area and strong order.
Therefore, non-graphite hard carbon materials are mainly used in practical research.
In order to further improve the performance of anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, the hydrophilicity and conductivity of carbon materials can be improved by means of ion doping or compounding, which can enhance the energy storage performance of carbon materials.
As the negative electrode material of sodium ion battery, metal compounds are mainly two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides. In addition to the excellent characteristics of two-dimensional materials, they can not only store sodium ions by adsorption and intercalation, but also combine with sodium The combination of ions generates capacitance through chemical reactions for energy storage, thereby greatly improving the energy storage effect.
Due to the high cost and difficulty in obtaining metal compounds, carbon materials are still the main anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
The rise of layered transition metal compounds is after the discovery of graphene. At present, the two-dimensional materials used in sodium-ion batteries mainly include sodium-based layered NaxMO4, NaxCoO4, NaxMnO4, NaxVO4, NaxFeO4, etc.
Polyanionic positive electrode materials were first used in lithium-ion battery positive electrodes, and were later used in sodium-ion batteries. Important representative materials include olivine crystals such as NaMnPO4 and NaFePO4.
